Lisinopril side effects
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Common Lisinopril Side Effects: Angioedema, Hyperkalemia, and Kidney Injury
Lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is widely used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney disease. The most commonly reported side effects include angioedema (swelling, often of the face, tongue, or lips), hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), and acute kidney injury. Angioedema can also affect the small bowel, causing abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and may occur even years after starting the medication. Discontinuing lisinopril usually leads to symptom resolution in these cases 1467+1 MORE.
Rare and Serious Lisinopril Side Effects: Pancreatitis, Liver Injury, and Hyponatremia
Though rare, lisinopril can cause severe and sometimes fatal side effects. There are reports of lisinopril-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis, which can be life-threatening. Lisinopril has also been linked to serious liver injury, including both hepatocellular and cholestatic patterns, which may not always resolve after stopping the drug. Severe hyponatremia (low sodium levels) has also been observed in some patients taking lisinopril 135.
Lisinopril and Autoimmune or Blistering Diseases
Lisinopril has been associated with rare autoimmune blistering diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris, affecting the mouth and esophagus. These conditions can cause painful ulcers and blisters, and symptoms typically improve after discontinuing lisinopril and starting immunosuppressive therapy 210.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects: Enteropathy and Diarrhea
Some patients on lisinopril may develop gastrointestinal side effects, including sprue-like enteropathy, which presents as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and villous blunting in the small intestine. This condition is rare and usually resolves after stopping lisinopril .
Conclusion
Lisinopril is generally well tolerated, but it can cause a range of side effects, from common issues like angioedema and kidney problems to rare but serious conditions such as pancreatitis, liver injury, autoimmune blistering diseases, and severe electrolyte disturbances. Patients and healthcare providers should be aware of these potential risks, especially if new or unexplained symptoms develop during treatment. Prompt recognition and discontinuation of lisinopril often lead to symptom improvement.
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